In this episode we backtrack the narrative two centuries to when the Qaramanli Dynasty came to power in Tripoli, and how they engaged in a campaign of piracy that eventually lead to their demise.

Bibliography

Captives: Britain, Empire, and the World, 1600-1850, Linda Colley

Libya, John Wright

North Africa 1800-1900: A Survey from the Nile Valley to the Atlantic, Magali Morsy

A History of Modern Libya, Dirk Vandewalle

Power, Faith, and Fantasy: America in the Middle East 1776-Present, Michael B. Oren

Thomas Jefferson’s Quran: Islam and the Founders, Denise A. Spellberg

Thomas Jefferson and the Tripoli Pirates, Brian Kilmeade and Don Yaeger